1 00:00:02,278 --> 00:00:06,247 A deadly explosion rocks an airliner flying at 10,000 metres. 2 00:00:06,351 --> 00:00:10,148 A bomb has exploded onboard. Bravo-Oscar-Mike-Bravo. 3 00:00:10,251 --> 00:00:14,117 The blast kills a passenger and cripples the plane. 4 00:00:15,705 --> 00:00:19,157 The crew struggles to save 293 lives. 5 00:00:20,123 --> 00:00:22,850 The bombing sets in motion an international manhunt. 6 00:00:23,092 --> 00:00:24,300 Stop! 7 00:00:25,404 --> 00:00:27,993 While the terrorist... 8 00:00:28,097 --> 00:00:29,684 ...prepares to strike again. 9 00:00:31,790 --> 00:00:34,137 3,000? 10 00:00:34,241 --> 00:00:38,107 - We're not getting any oxygen! - We have the terrain alarm. - Aero Peru 603... 11 00:00:38,210 --> 00:00:40,419 We are in an emergency... 12 00:00:53,225 --> 00:00:55,538 On December the 11th, 1994, 13 00:00:55,641 --> 00:00:59,680 Philippine Airlines Flight 434 is two hours into the second leg 14 00:00:59,783 --> 00:01:02,165 of a routine flight from Manila to Tokyo. 15 00:01:03,442 --> 00:01:06,756 An unsuspecting passenger is sitting on a ticking bomb. 16 00:01:10,656 --> 00:01:13,521 The explosion onboard cripples the flight control system. 17 00:01:13,625 --> 00:01:16,352 Unless the pilot can regain control, 18 00:01:16,455 --> 00:01:19,458 the jumbo jet may crash into the Pacific Ocean. 19 00:01:24,463 --> 00:01:27,190 This is Philippine Airlines 434. 20 00:01:27,673 --> 00:01:31,539 A bomb has exploded onboard. Bravo-Oscar-Mike-Bravo. 21 00:01:33,955 --> 00:01:36,268 The bombing is a frightening new development 22 00:01:36,372 --> 00:01:39,271 by a terrorist on the cutting edge of science. 23 00:01:39,375 --> 00:01:44,621 The way that the timing device was hidden inside the Casio watch, um, 24 00:01:44,725 --> 00:01:48,970 just made the whole thing very concealable and, uh, 25 00:01:49,212 --> 00:01:50,524 very worrisome. 26 00:01:51,421 --> 00:01:54,493 But this is more than the hunt for a terrorist bomber. 27 00:01:54,976 --> 00:01:58,394 This is a story of how investigators make a shocking discovery. 28 00:01:59,464 --> 00:02:03,088 The explosion on PAL 434 is only a test 29 00:02:03,192 --> 00:02:05,021 for an attack on American carriers. 30 00:02:05,263 --> 00:02:09,474 An attack that would dwarf every other terrorist atrocity at the time. 31 00:02:22,521 --> 00:02:25,421 It's before sunrise on December the 11th, 1994. 32 00:02:26,249 --> 00:02:31,047 While most inhabitants of this city of a 1.5 million have a few more hours to sleep, 33 00:02:31,289 --> 00:02:34,292 26-year-old Armaldo Forlani makes an early start. 34 00:02:45,613 --> 00:02:50,031 Forlani is not his real name; it's the alias he's chosen for today's mission. 35 00:02:50,756 --> 00:02:52,965 He's actually from Pakistan, not Italy. 36 00:02:53,690 --> 00:02:57,384 He is putting his latest invention through an important test. 37 00:02:57,487 --> 00:02:59,627 Everything must go like clockwork. 38 00:03:03,355 --> 00:03:05,530 In his line of work, there's no room for error. 39 00:03:06,324 --> 00:03:09,292 He is a highly skilled terrorist bomb builder. 40 00:03:15,505 --> 00:03:18,681 He packs the liquid-explosive bomb very carefully. 41 00:03:24,928 --> 00:03:29,001 From his apartment downtown, it takes less than 30 minutes to get to the airport. 42 00:03:45,777 --> 00:03:50,264 He arrives in plenty of time for his 5 a.m. flight with Philippine Airlines. 43 00:03:54,579 --> 00:03:55,994 Before he can board, 44 00:03:56,097 --> 00:03:59,066 the bomber must outwit airport-security screening procedures. 45 00:03:59,894 --> 00:04:02,345 He's designed the components of his bomb to pass undetected 46 00:04:02,449 --> 00:04:05,590 by X-ray and metal-detection equipment. 47 00:04:05,693 --> 00:04:07,454 Or so he hopes. 48 00:04:16,394 --> 00:04:19,051 He bought the ticket as Armaldo Forlani. 49 00:04:19,707 --> 00:04:21,157 He's a skilled forger, 50 00:04:21,364 --> 00:04:24,574 and he has made himself a fake Italian passport with that identity. 51 00:04:25,782 --> 00:04:27,301 If his cover is blown, 52 00:04:27,405 --> 00:04:30,373 his career as a globetrotting terrorist is over. 53 00:04:51,498 --> 00:04:54,639 Having successfully got the bomb through airport security, 54 00:04:54,742 --> 00:04:57,089 he boards his Philippine Airlines flight. 55 00:04:59,402 --> 00:05:02,992 The final destination of PAL 434 is Tokyo. 56 00:05:03,095 --> 00:05:06,409 But there's a stopover in the Philippine resort town of Cebu, 57 00:05:06,513 --> 00:05:09,895 over 550 kilometres to the south of Manila. 58 00:05:09,999 --> 00:05:12,829 This is as far as the bomber is flying today. 59 00:05:20,699 --> 00:05:23,978 That's 10,000 feet, and weather still looking clear. 60 00:05:24,082 --> 00:05:26,118 Thanks, Dex. I'm engaging autopilot. 61 00:05:32,504 --> 00:05:33,747 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. 62 00:05:33,850 --> 00:05:35,749 This is your captain, Ed Reyes, speaking. 63 00:05:35,852 --> 00:05:37,613 Welcome aboard Flight 434, 64 00:05:37,716 --> 00:05:39,477 flying south from Manila to Cebu, 65 00:05:39,580 --> 00:05:42,825 and continuing onwards to Narita Airport, Tokyo. 66 00:05:42,928 --> 00:05:46,484 Flight 434 is under the command of Captain Ed Reyes, 67 00:05:46,587 --> 00:05:48,486 a former Air Force pilot who's been flying 68 00:05:48,589 --> 00:05:50,522 for Philippine Airlines for nine years. 69 00:05:50,626 --> 00:05:53,767 ...and our estimated arrival time is now 5:45. 70 00:05:54,837 --> 00:05:56,217 The weather... 71 00:05:56,459 --> 00:05:58,841 The first leg of the flight is fairly empty. 72 00:05:59,220 --> 00:06:02,914 Passengers are scattered around the jumbo jet's 400 seats. 73 00:06:03,155 --> 00:06:05,503 After takeoff, the bomber is able to move. 74 00:06:07,436 --> 00:06:09,679 He chooses seat 26K, 75 00:06:09,783 --> 00:06:13,303 located directly over the centre fuel tank in some 747s. 76 00:06:15,271 --> 00:06:18,481 The cabin is tended by stewardess Maria de La Cruz. 77 00:06:18,585 --> 00:06:20,207 She flies domestic routes, 78 00:06:20,310 --> 00:06:22,727 and has worked for Philippine Airlines for one year. 79 00:06:23,866 --> 00:06:26,869 - Can I get you some juice or coffee? - Juice, please. 80 00:06:32,184 --> 00:06:36,188 Now the bomber must find a vacant lavatory to assemble the explosive device. 81 00:06:37,327 --> 00:06:39,364 Arming the bomb only takes minutes, 82 00:06:39,468 --> 00:06:41,401 but requires total concentration. 83 00:06:50,306 --> 00:06:52,204 The final step is setting the timer 84 00:06:52,308 --> 00:06:55,035 so it will explode in four hours' time, 85 00:06:55,138 --> 00:06:57,209 long after he leaves the plane. 86 00:07:07,288 --> 00:07:10,844 He hides the bomb in the life-jacket pocket underneath his seat. 87 00:07:16,194 --> 00:07:17,678 He then changes seats. 88 00:07:32,935 --> 00:07:34,592 When she returns, 89 00:07:34,695 --> 00:07:38,250 Maria de la Cruz notices that the roving passenger has moved seats again. 90 00:07:39,769 --> 00:07:43,014 She will remember that he left his breakfast untouched, 91 00:07:43,221 --> 00:07:45,603 and that the rest of the flight passed uneventfully. 92 00:07:54,301 --> 00:07:58,270 As Philippine Airlines Flight 434 begins its final approach into Cebu, 93 00:07:58,374 --> 00:08:01,273 more passengers are getting ready to board the aircraft 94 00:08:01,377 --> 00:08:03,448 that will take them onwards to Tokyo. 95 00:08:10,835 --> 00:08:12,561 Cabin crew, prepare for landing. 96 00:08:12,664 --> 00:08:14,494 Cabin doors to automatic. 97 00:08:20,223 --> 00:08:23,295 PAL 434 lands in Cebu at 6:50 a.m., 98 00:08:23,399 --> 00:08:25,539 and several of the passengers disembark, 99 00:08:25,643 --> 00:08:29,336 including the bomber with the alias Armaldo Forlani. 100 00:08:29,681 --> 00:08:31,269 Bye-bye. Thank you. 101 00:08:34,237 --> 00:08:37,309 Maria de la Cruz will also leave Flight 434. 102 00:08:38,345 --> 00:08:41,866 A new cabin crew will take over for the 4.5-hour flight to Tokyo. 103 00:08:49,701 --> 00:08:54,810 256 new passengers board the 747 that arrived from Manila. 104 00:08:56,777 --> 00:08:59,366 Many of the passengers in this cabin are Japanese. 105 00:09:01,437 --> 00:09:04,854 Among them is 24-year-old engineer Haruki Ikegami. 106 00:09:06,684 --> 00:09:10,515 He's looking forward to getting home to Tokyo after his first trip overseas. 107 00:09:15,727 --> 00:09:19,593 Airport congestion delays the departure by 38 minutes, 108 00:09:19,697 --> 00:09:24,011 but the timer on the bomb under seat 26K continues to tick. 109 00:09:28,947 --> 00:09:32,572 8.30 a, m., Dec the 11th, 1994. 110 00:09:32,675 --> 00:09:35,609 All passengers for Philippine Airlines Flight 434 111 00:09:35,713 --> 00:09:37,853 are now onboard for the leg to Tokyo. 112 00:09:41,684 --> 00:09:43,790 None of them is aware that two hours earlier, 113 00:09:43,893 --> 00:09:46,862 a terrorist planted a timebomb under one of their seats. 114 00:09:50,935 --> 00:09:54,594 Steward Fernando Bayot is assisting passengers in the forward cabin 115 00:09:54,697 --> 00:09:56,872 on this 4.5-hour flight. 116 00:09:58,390 --> 00:10:01,497 At 8:38, PAL 434 is cleared for takeoff. 117 00:10:03,810 --> 00:10:05,328 On the flight deck, 118 00:10:05,432 --> 00:10:09,125 Captain Ed Reyes is assisted by First Officer Jaime Herrera 119 00:10:09,367 --> 00:10:12,025 and systems engineer Dexter Comendador. 120 00:10:12,922 --> 00:10:15,856 Reyes and Comendador are both former Air Force pilots. 121 00:10:28,558 --> 00:10:31,838 Haruki Ikegami is seated in 26K, 122 00:10:31,941 --> 00:10:34,150 the seat occupied by the bomber earlier, 123 00:10:34,392 --> 00:10:37,533 on the first leg of Flight 434 from Manila to Cebu. 124 00:10:40,709 --> 00:10:43,953 Several passengers in this cabin are coworkers, 125 00:10:44,057 --> 00:10:46,611 travelling with a Japanese tour group, 126 00:10:46,715 --> 00:10:49,649 including Keisuke Aoki and Masaharu Mochizuki. 127 00:10:54,032 --> 00:10:56,725 After takeoff, everything seemed normal. 128 00:10:57,518 --> 00:10:59,866 We were flying at 10,000 metres. 129 00:11:00,936 --> 00:11:04,146 I was reading a magazine, then the meal was served. 130 00:11:05,526 --> 00:11:07,494 After eating, I went to sleep. 131 00:11:08,529 --> 00:11:11,567 Thirty-one-year-old Yukihiko Usui stayed up all night 132 00:11:11,671 --> 00:11:13,396 on the last day of his trip, 133 00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:15,571 and he's ready to nap after breakfast. 134 00:11:16,917 --> 00:11:18,643 He's sitting in row 27, 135 00:11:18,747 --> 00:11:22,233 one row behind the seat vacated by the bomber four hours earlier. 136 00:11:23,165 --> 00:11:26,651 Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. 137 00:11:27,548 --> 00:11:30,897 It's a beautiful day in Tokyo, sunny and 26 degrees. 138 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:35,349 I expect we'll be landing at Narita Airport in two hours' time. 139 00:11:35,453 --> 00:11:39,008 Two hours into the flight, PAL 434 is cruising on autopilot, 140 00:11:39,112 --> 00:11:42,943 10,000 metres above Minami-Daito Island, southern Japan. 141 00:11:44,048 --> 00:11:45,705 To ease the pilot's workload, 142 00:11:45,808 --> 00:11:48,362 the autopilot remains on throughout the flight, 143 00:11:48,466 --> 00:11:51,434 keeping the aircraft on a constant heading and altitude. 144 00:12:11,144 --> 00:12:13,146 "God, forgive me." 145 00:12:13,249 --> 00:12:15,044 That was my... 146 00:12:15,148 --> 00:12:16,908 inner, uh... 147 00:12:17,150 --> 00:12:18,496 uh, thought, you know. 148 00:12:18,599 --> 00:12:21,464 "God, forgive me. I think I'm going to die now." 149 00:12:22,672 --> 00:12:25,192 Then, after that, I had to do what I had to do. 150 00:12:25,296 --> 00:12:27,539 - Oh, I've lost control! - I have control! 151 00:12:27,643 --> 00:12:30,439 Dex, check the pressurization loss. Be prepared. 152 00:12:30,542 --> 00:12:33,960 - Checking... - Although the autopilot instantly corrects 153 00:12:34,201 --> 00:12:35,582 the aircraft's bank to the right, 154 00:12:35,685 --> 00:12:38,412 the effect of the blast is far from over. 155 00:12:38,516 --> 00:12:41,830 There was a loud bang, which woke me up. 156 00:12:41,933 --> 00:12:45,626 I could feel the plane expanding from the pressure. 157 00:12:46,248 --> 00:12:49,458 I saw smoke, as well as debris, falling like powder. 158 00:12:51,391 --> 00:12:53,773 Ladies and gentlemen, please stay in your seat! 159 00:12:56,568 --> 00:13:01,228 The injured people were trying to get away from the area where the bomb was. 160 00:13:05,405 --> 00:13:07,269 Sit down! 161 00:13:09,443 --> 00:13:12,584 I stood up and saw that a lot of people were bleeding. 162 00:13:13,482 --> 00:13:15,346 I thought my life was over. 163 00:13:16,450 --> 00:13:19,660 Stay in your seat, please! The cabin crew's first priority 164 00:13:19,764 --> 00:13:22,318 is to stop passengers leaving their seats. 165 00:13:22,422 --> 00:13:25,563 Yukihiko Usui is sitting in the row directly behind the explosion. 166 00:13:26,702 --> 00:13:29,394 Both his legs are badly wounded. 167 00:13:29,498 --> 00:13:33,260 Steward Fernando Bayot moves him away from the blast site. 168 00:13:37,782 --> 00:13:40,474 Get me some blankets here! 169 00:13:44,582 --> 00:13:47,896 Please sit down and fasten your seatbelts! 170 00:13:49,414 --> 00:13:53,142 Bayot's now turned his attention to Haruki Ikegami. 171 00:13:53,246 --> 00:13:57,629 He has been swallowed by the smoking hole where seat 26K used to be. 172 00:13:58,285 --> 00:14:00,011 I saw this man. 173 00:14:00,253 --> 00:14:04,602 Only his head and his arms were peering out of the hole, 174 00:14:04,705 --> 00:14:07,536 so I tried to, uh, pull him out. 175 00:14:12,610 --> 00:14:14,370 After the struggle to lift him out, 176 00:14:14,474 --> 00:14:17,857 Bayot realizes that part of the lower half of Ikegami's body is missing. 177 00:14:22,723 --> 00:14:24,829 Within a couple of minutes, he dies. 178 00:14:27,452 --> 00:14:31,284 The cabin crew do not want Ikegami's death to panic passengers, 179 00:14:31,387 --> 00:14:33,803 so they pretend to minister to him. 180 00:14:33,907 --> 00:14:35,978 Bayot then reports to the captain. 181 00:14:37,428 --> 00:14:38,532 Captain! 182 00:14:40,810 --> 00:14:42,226 Okay. 183 00:14:43,675 --> 00:14:46,230 Keep the passengers calm. Make sure they stay in their seats. 184 00:14:46,333 --> 00:14:48,094 There's been an explosion in row 26. 185 00:14:48,197 --> 00:14:51,614 One dead and several injured and the cabin's full of smoke. There's a hole in the floor. 186 00:14:51,718 --> 00:14:53,893 Go inspect the damage, Dex. - Yes, sir. 187 00:14:53,996 --> 00:14:58,967 Reyes's first concern is that the blast could make a hole in the aircraft's skin. 188 00:14:59,070 --> 00:15:01,797 This would lead to sudden depressurization in the cabin, 189 00:15:01,901 --> 00:15:04,455 and necessitate an emergency descent. 190 00:15:04,558 --> 00:15:09,184 There was a huge, gaping hole, uh, beside her, 191 00:15:09,287 --> 00:15:11,738 and if a small... 192 00:15:11,841 --> 00:15:16,501 tear in the skin of the aircraft was, uh... 193 00:15:17,123 --> 00:15:18,952 If there were a hole there, 194 00:15:19,056 --> 00:15:21,610 it most probably would open up, 195 00:15:21,713 --> 00:15:25,441 and then pull us out of the aircraft. 196 00:15:25,752 --> 00:15:28,962 When I saw that there was no damage... 197 00:15:29,066 --> 00:15:30,895 to the outer skin, 198 00:15:30,999 --> 00:15:33,967 I went up and reported to the captain. 199 00:15:34,071 --> 00:15:38,316 Well, we assumed that the pressurization system would hold. 200 00:15:40,387 --> 00:15:42,148 Immediately after the explosion, 201 00:15:42,389 --> 00:15:44,944 the co-pilot's steering wheel slams to the right, 202 00:15:45,047 --> 00:15:47,567 and the aircraft banks in the same direction. 203 00:15:48,361 --> 00:15:50,880 The autopilot immediately corrects the deviation. 204 00:15:50,984 --> 00:15:54,574 But soon Reyes discovers that the autopilot steering system 205 00:15:54,677 --> 00:15:56,783 is another victim of the blast. 206 00:15:57,404 --> 00:16:00,960 Then I said, "Okay, I'm going to try to turn the airplane using the autopilot." 207 00:16:01,063 --> 00:16:04,756 But there was no reaction. Whether I tried it... 208 00:16:04,860 --> 00:16:09,382 to make it go down or up, or left and right turns, no reaction. 209 00:16:09,485 --> 00:16:11,729 I said, "Now we have a problem." 210 00:16:13,006 --> 00:16:15,112 This is not Reyes's only problem. 211 00:16:16,699 --> 00:16:20,048 In the cabin, one of the injured passengers needs urgent medical attention. 212 00:16:22,705 --> 00:16:24,880 Tokyo is still 2.5 hours away, 213 00:16:24,984 --> 00:16:28,470 and Reyes decides to try and land at Naha Airport, 214 00:16:28,573 --> 00:16:32,577 on the Island of Okinawa, located 74 kilometres to the west. 215 00:16:33,544 --> 00:16:35,684 He orders the co-pilot to make a Mayday call. 216 00:16:35,787 --> 00:16:37,134 Yes, sir. 217 00:16:38,514 --> 00:16:41,655 Naha, PAL 434. Heavy, declaring emergency. 218 00:16:41,759 --> 00:16:44,037 Explosion onboard. We have casualties. 219 00:16:44,141 --> 00:16:46,384 Requesting emergency landing at Naha. 220 00:16:46,488 --> 00:16:49,042 We will need full emergency services on landing. 221 00:16:49,146 --> 00:16:50,906 PAL 434, Naha. 222 00:16:51,010 --> 00:16:53,633 Please repeat. Say again. 223 00:16:53,736 --> 00:16:56,325 Naha, PAL 434. Heavy, declaring emergency. 224 00:16:56,429 --> 00:16:58,327 Explosion onboard. We have casualties. 225 00:16:58,431 --> 00:17:01,434 Request emergency landing at Naha. We will need full emergency... 226 00:17:01,537 --> 00:17:03,712 Getting the Japanese air-traffic controller 227 00:17:03,815 --> 00:17:06,404 to understand the emergency proves to be difficult. 228 00:17:06,508 --> 00:17:10,891 Naha, Naha, Naha, this is Philippine Airlines 434. 229 00:17:10,995 --> 00:17:13,584 Flight level: 330. 230 00:17:13,687 --> 00:17:17,657 A bomb has exploded onboard. Bravo-Oscar-Mike-Bravo. 231 00:17:17,760 --> 00:17:21,488 Bomb explosion. Request emergency landing at Naha. 232 00:17:22,524 --> 00:17:24,008 And there was silence. 233 00:17:25,423 --> 00:17:28,840 Then the controller came in, another controller, an American. 234 00:17:29,565 --> 00:17:32,189 "Okay, Philippine 434, I'm taking over." 235 00:17:32,637 --> 00:17:34,260 The American air-traffic controller 236 00:17:34,501 --> 00:17:36,469 is from an American base on Okinawa. 237 00:17:36,572 --> 00:17:37,918 "Turn left, heading..." 238 00:17:38,022 --> 00:17:41,750 No, I shout back: "We cannot turn at this moment yet. 239 00:17:41,853 --> 00:17:45,271 We will tell you when we are starting to turn towards Naha. 240 00:17:45,478 --> 00:17:47,928 We have problems with our flight controls." 241 00:17:48,032 --> 00:17:50,690 Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. 242 00:17:51,691 --> 00:17:55,143 We will be making an early landing at Naha Airport in Okinawa. 243 00:17:56,109 --> 00:17:57,421 We'll be landing as soon as possible. 244 00:17:57,524 --> 00:18:00,424 So please remain in your seat with your seatbelt fastened. 245 00:18:00,527 --> 00:18:04,083 But landing at Naha is easier said than done. 246 00:18:04,186 --> 00:18:08,259 The autopilot is not responding to any of Reyes's commands, 247 00:18:08,363 --> 00:18:11,883 and PAL 434 is heading straight past Okinawa. 248 00:18:13,368 --> 00:18:17,544 Reyes must find a way to steer if he is to have any chance of landing safely. 249 00:18:18,269 --> 00:18:20,099 Ah. 250 00:18:20,202 --> 00:18:23,447 But disengaging the autopilot might result in losing what minimal control 251 00:18:23,550 --> 00:18:25,725 he still has over the aircraft. 252 00:18:25,828 --> 00:18:26,967 Okay. 253 00:18:28,279 --> 00:18:31,075 Let's keep the seatbelt sign on. When we disengage the autopilot, 254 00:18:31,179 --> 00:18:33,457 we might lose control, so be ready. 255 00:18:34,699 --> 00:18:39,635 Since the autopilot won't react to any inputs that I make, 256 00:18:39,739 --> 00:18:43,225 I was scared if I disengaged the autopilot... 257 00:18:43,777 --> 00:18:47,747 ...the aircraft might make a sudden bank to the right 258 00:18:47,850 --> 00:18:50,198 that we might not be able to control. 259 00:18:50,301 --> 00:18:52,303 At the count of three, I'll disengage. 260 00:18:53,339 --> 00:18:55,651 One... two... 261 00:18:55,755 --> 00:18:57,308 three. 262 00:19:02,693 --> 00:19:04,591 One, two, three, tack! 263 00:19:04,695 --> 00:19:06,559 Nothing happened. 264 00:19:06,662 --> 00:19:09,631 And then there was... We were relieved. 265 00:19:09,734 --> 00:19:11,805 I can't turn using the controls. 266 00:19:12,427 --> 00:19:15,706 Ah, looks like the explosion jammed the ailerons. Dex... 267 00:19:16,810 --> 00:19:19,641 What does the QRH say about jammed ailerons? 268 00:19:21,021 --> 00:19:23,127 The QRH, or Quick Reference Handbook, 269 00:19:23,231 --> 00:19:25,750 is the pilot's bible that lists procedures 270 00:19:25,854 --> 00:19:28,546 that must be followed in emergency situations. 271 00:19:28,926 --> 00:19:31,411 "Jammed Flight Controls: use maximum force possible, 272 00:19:31,515 --> 00:19:33,620 including both pilots if required." 273 00:19:34,345 --> 00:19:36,830 Okay. Let's force it, then. 274 00:19:39,971 --> 00:19:43,078 Reyes tries brute force to activate the ailerons, 275 00:19:43,320 --> 00:19:45,770 the panels on each wing which turn the aircraft. 276 00:19:45,874 --> 00:19:48,670 Since the explosion, he can only fly straight. 277 00:19:48,773 --> 00:19:52,398 I'm not getting anything from the ailerons. Can't get off this heading. 278 00:19:55,263 --> 00:19:59,439 Okay, re-engage the autopilot while I work out other options. 279 00:20:01,476 --> 00:20:03,892 It's taking much longer to land than was announced. 280 00:20:07,758 --> 00:20:10,347 We were told it would only be 20 minutes, 281 00:20:10,450 --> 00:20:13,419 but it was really one hour before we landed. 282 00:20:13,522 --> 00:20:16,491 It was very frightening. 283 00:20:16,594 --> 00:20:18,734 Although they survived the bombing, 284 00:20:18,838 --> 00:20:23,049 passengers are now getting anxious about landing safely in Naha Airport. 285 00:20:26,777 --> 00:20:29,400 Since there was so much time before landing, 286 00:20:29,504 --> 00:20:31,471 I started writing a will. 287 00:20:32,610 --> 00:20:35,475 I wrote the will to my son, telling him to be strong. 288 00:20:36,407 --> 00:20:39,617 As PAL 434 looks like missing Naha Airport, 289 00:20:39,721 --> 00:20:42,068 Reyes comes up with another plan. 290 00:20:43,656 --> 00:20:46,279 We gotta turn. We'll have to use differential power. 291 00:20:46,383 --> 00:20:49,282 Disengage auto-throttle, pull back three and four. 292 00:20:51,111 --> 00:20:53,873 Captain Reyes increases thrust to the engines 293 00:20:53,976 --> 00:20:56,116 on the left-hand side of the plane 294 00:20:56,358 --> 00:20:58,740 and reduces power to the engines on the right. 295 00:20:59,396 --> 00:21:02,433 Very slowly, the aircraft starts to circle right. 296 00:21:02,537 --> 00:21:05,988 He then lowers his speed to make a smaller radius turn. 297 00:21:06,092 --> 00:21:08,128 With guidance from Air Traffic Control, 298 00:21:08,370 --> 00:21:12,443 Reyes hopes that the manoeuvre will eventually line him up with the runway at Naha. 299 00:21:12,547 --> 00:21:14,859 So while we were descending on low speed, 300 00:21:14,963 --> 00:21:17,241 I tried to test the flight controls, 301 00:21:17,345 --> 00:21:20,382 and there are some little reactions. 302 00:21:20,486 --> 00:21:22,660 The elevator is beginning to respond. 303 00:21:22,764 --> 00:21:26,940 The elevator is a control that makes the plane ascend and descend. 304 00:21:27,044 --> 00:21:29,805 250 knots. Flaps: 1. On speed. 305 00:21:30,496 --> 00:21:32,152 In order to land safely, 306 00:21:32,256 --> 00:21:35,673 Captain Reyes will need at least minimal control over the elevator and rudder. 307 00:21:36,087 --> 00:21:40,299 As PAL 434 nears Naha, he continues to reduce his airspeed. 308 00:21:40,402 --> 00:21:41,783 10. 309 00:21:41,886 --> 00:21:46,097 Flaps 10 set. Speed: 225. 310 00:21:47,064 --> 00:21:49,411 - Okay, she's turning. - Sir, if we reduce our weight, 311 00:21:49,515 --> 00:21:53,657 we will be able to reduce our approach and landing speeds. Suggest we dump fuel. 312 00:21:55,452 --> 00:21:59,041 Reyes orders the systems engineer to dump 36 tons of fuel. 313 00:22:00,042 --> 00:22:03,563 Less fuel means less strain on landing gear and brakes at touchdown. 314 00:22:03,667 --> 00:22:05,047 Check. 315 00:22:10,467 --> 00:22:13,849 I was terrified when I saw the smoke trail behind each wing. 316 00:22:15,161 --> 00:22:16,956 I thought something must be burning, 317 00:22:17,059 --> 00:22:19,338 and there would be another explosion. 318 00:22:21,512 --> 00:22:23,652 As the time to touch down gets closer, 319 00:22:23,756 --> 00:22:25,482 Reyes worries that the bomb may have done 320 00:22:25,585 --> 00:22:27,967 more as-yet-unknown damage to the aircraft. 321 00:22:28,830 --> 00:22:31,522 I'm not certain our landing gear will hold up. 322 00:22:31,626 --> 00:22:33,110 Strap yourself in. 323 00:22:34,456 --> 00:22:35,768 I'll brief the purser. 324 00:22:35,871 --> 00:22:38,909 So he talked to the head of the cabin crew and he said, 325 00:22:39,012 --> 00:22:41,394 "We're not sure if the gears will go down. 326 00:22:41,498 --> 00:22:45,502 And in case the gears collapse while landing, be ready to evacuate. 327 00:22:45,605 --> 00:22:47,642 It's either you make it or you die. 328 00:22:47,745 --> 00:22:50,369 That's... But you cannot do anything anymore. 329 00:22:50,472 --> 00:22:51,887 Runway in sight. 330 00:22:53,130 --> 00:22:55,719 With only minimal control over the aircraft, 331 00:22:55,822 --> 00:22:59,412 Reyes faces the most challenging landing of his career. 332 00:23:06,902 --> 00:23:11,873 10,000 metres above the Pacific Ocean on a flight from the Philippines to Tokyo... 333 00:23:13,150 --> 00:23:16,533 ...a terrorist bomb cripples the flight controls of a jumbo jet. 334 00:23:17,741 --> 00:23:20,675 As PAL 434 starts its final approach, 335 00:23:20,778 --> 00:23:24,541 the 290 people onboard are pinning their hopes of survival 336 00:23:24,644 --> 00:23:26,991 on the skill of Captain Ed Reyes. 337 00:23:27,509 --> 00:23:29,649 I know everybody was scared. 338 00:23:29,753 --> 00:23:32,134 We are all scared. I know that. 339 00:23:33,101 --> 00:23:34,482 Gear down. 340 00:23:35,414 --> 00:23:38,555 The gears were supposed to come down a few seconds, 341 00:23:38,658 --> 00:23:41,730 but that was the longest seconds that... 342 00:23:41,834 --> 00:23:44,492 Because we were waiting for the greens to come on. 343 00:23:44,595 --> 00:23:46,286 - Take a long time. - It took a long time. 344 00:23:46,390 --> 00:23:49,358 It was a long few seconds until it... 345 00:23:49,462 --> 00:23:50,946 when it locked. 346 00:23:51,602 --> 00:23:53,501 - Three green, sir. - Okay. 347 00:23:54,709 --> 00:23:57,608 I'm disconnecting the autopilot and landing manually, okay? Dex? 348 00:23:57,712 --> 00:24:01,888 Monitor my descent rate, call altitude and speed. 30. 349 00:24:02,751 --> 00:24:05,064 - Okay, 500 feet, on course. - Flaps 30 set. 350 00:24:05,167 --> 00:24:08,205 Help me with the elevator. When I say push, I want you to push. 351 00:24:08,308 --> 00:24:11,277 - Okay, 200, slightly left. - Correcting. Push. 352 00:24:15,350 --> 00:24:16,627 One hundred. 353 00:24:16,731 --> 00:24:18,284 Fifty. 354 00:24:19,803 --> 00:24:21,529 Thirty. 355 00:24:22,461 --> 00:24:24,255 Power off. Pull! 356 00:24:28,294 --> 00:24:31,021 Your last command was "pull!" 357 00:24:31,228 --> 00:24:33,886 Yeah, my last command was "pull!" 358 00:24:41,341 --> 00:24:44,379 I made sure that the throttles were closed, 359 00:24:44,483 --> 00:24:46,174 because he might give a go-around, 360 00:24:46,277 --> 00:24:48,832 and I wanted to make sure that we stayed on the ground. 361 00:24:52,905 --> 00:24:55,804 That was close. 362 00:25:05,296 --> 00:25:06,608 Okay. 363 00:25:09,887 --> 00:25:12,890 - Oh... - Ladies and gentlemen, this is the captain speaking. 364 00:25:13,581 --> 00:25:16,549 We would like to thank you for your cooperation and your patience. 365 00:25:16,653 --> 00:25:18,171 Emergency crews are on their way. 366 00:25:18,275 --> 00:25:21,554 We'll try to get you out of here as soon as possible. Thank you. 367 00:25:30,011 --> 00:25:32,082 The Philippine Airlines 747 368 00:25:32,323 --> 00:25:34,809 is now a crime scene under Japanese jurisdiction. 369 00:25:36,914 --> 00:25:39,399 As investigators from the Okinawa Police Department 370 00:25:39,503 --> 00:25:42,057 set out to solve the mystery of what happened, 371 00:25:42,299 --> 00:25:46,268 they turn their attention first to the dead man in seat 26K. 372 00:25:48,029 --> 00:25:50,825 The forensic pathologist recovered 94 fragments 373 00:25:50,928 --> 00:25:53,862 embedded in Haruki Ikegami's buttocks by the explosion. 374 00:25:54,622 --> 00:25:58,418 He suffered severe internal injuries and massive loss of blood. 375 00:25:58,522 --> 00:26:03,423 But tragic as it was, the effects of the explosion could've been much worse. 376 00:26:09,429 --> 00:26:12,225 If the explosion had been sideways, 377 00:26:12,329 --> 00:26:14,607 it would've blown a hole in the plane... 378 00:26:15,366 --> 00:26:17,472 ...and caused an air-pressure problem. 379 00:26:21,062 --> 00:26:23,996 In a sense, it was good that the blast was vertical... 380 00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:27,447 ...but we have to remember the victim. 381 00:26:28,725 --> 00:26:30,899 He died to save the rest of us. 382 00:26:33,730 --> 00:26:36,664 Ikegami's body bore the brunt of the upward blast, 383 00:26:36,767 --> 00:26:39,667 but the explosion severed the steel cables in the ceiling 384 00:26:39,770 --> 00:26:41,841 that control the rudder and elevator. 385 00:26:43,049 --> 00:26:46,950 The charge also severed the co-pilot's control cable to the right aileron, 386 00:26:47,053 --> 00:26:50,954 one of the control surfaces on the wing which make an aircraft bank and turn. 387 00:26:54,716 --> 00:26:57,270 The downward force blew a hole in the floor, 388 00:26:57,374 --> 00:26:59,790 and could've ignited the vapours in the centre fuel tank, 389 00:26:59,894 --> 00:27:01,896 creating a catastrophic explosion. 390 00:27:04,588 --> 00:27:06,555 But by chance, on December the 11th, 391 00:27:06,659 --> 00:27:09,524 seat 26K was not located above the tank. 392 00:27:12,423 --> 00:27:13,873 Fortunately for us, 393 00:27:13,977 --> 00:27:16,427 we took a different version, 394 00:27:16,531 --> 00:27:20,328 the SAS version of the 747, that day. 395 00:27:20,431 --> 00:27:23,193 And that specific seat for that version 396 00:27:23,434 --> 00:27:26,403 was two seats forward of the centre tank. 397 00:27:28,785 --> 00:27:31,822 The Okinawa forensic investigators immediately start work 398 00:27:31,926 --> 00:27:34,445 collecting evidence from the bomb site. 399 00:27:36,689 --> 00:27:39,347 They begin with the largest fragments of debris, 400 00:27:39,450 --> 00:27:42,212 and then systematically work down until the smallest particles 401 00:27:42,419 --> 00:27:44,110 are retrieved by vacuum cleaner. 402 00:27:48,667 --> 00:27:52,015 Japanese investigators cannot identify the bomb's detonator. 403 00:27:54,949 --> 00:27:58,780 But by separating out bits of metal, plastic and electrical wire 404 00:27:58,884 --> 00:28:01,369 that do not belong to the plane, 405 00:28:01,472 --> 00:28:03,854 components of the bomb are pieced together. 406 00:28:09,135 --> 00:28:12,725 One forensic investigator is able to identify the bomb's timer. 407 00:28:13,622 --> 00:28:16,384 By reconstituting dozens of burnt fragments, 408 00:28:16,487 --> 00:28:19,042 he discovers it's a modified digital wristwatch. 409 00:28:23,149 --> 00:28:26,808 Investigators also discover that one of the bomb's 9-volt batteries 410 00:28:26,912 --> 00:28:29,431 is only sold in the Philippines. 411 00:28:29,535 --> 00:28:32,987 It's another clue that suggests that the bomber could be based there. 412 00:28:34,643 --> 00:28:38,095 Philippine National Police Deputy Chief Sonny Razon is on the case. 413 00:28:39,131 --> 00:28:41,720 In the later part of 1994, 414 00:28:41,823 --> 00:28:44,723 we already started to receive information, 415 00:28:44,826 --> 00:28:47,449 intelligence reports that there were, uh, 416 00:28:47,553 --> 00:28:50,970 Middle-Eastern personalities that were here already 417 00:28:51,074 --> 00:28:52,731 in the Philippines. 418 00:28:53,490 --> 00:28:56,251 On the night of January the 6th, 1995, 419 00:28:56,493 --> 00:28:59,496 almost four weeks after the bombing of PAL 434, 420 00:28:59,599 --> 00:29:02,085 the Philippine police get a lucky break. 421 00:29:05,088 --> 00:29:06,710 In his Manila apartment, 422 00:29:06,814 --> 00:29:09,989 the PAL 434 bomber has enlisted the help of an accomplice 423 00:29:10,093 --> 00:29:12,958 to mass-produce his new, undetectable bomb. 424 00:29:28,732 --> 00:29:31,459 An attempt to burn off chemicals gets out of hand. 425 00:29:32,667 --> 00:29:35,670 Acrid-smelling smoke spills out of the apartment. 426 00:29:40,192 --> 00:29:42,608 It attracts the attention of the doorman, who comes to investigate. 427 00:29:42,711 --> 00:29:44,852 - Hey, what's going on? - Uh... 428 00:29:44,955 --> 00:29:46,646 we were playing with some fireworks, but it's okay. 429 00:29:46,750 --> 00:29:49,891 We put them out and have all the windows open inside and we keep the doors closed. 430 00:29:49,995 --> 00:29:51,824 It'll be fine, okay? - You open the door. 431 00:29:51,928 --> 00:29:55,517 If we open the door, smoke come on the hallway. We close the window, okay? 432 00:29:55,621 --> 00:29:57,657 Come on. It's okay, it's okay. 433 00:29:59,349 --> 00:30:03,180 Until the smoke dissipates, the bombers decide to wait outside the apartment. 434 00:30:04,872 --> 00:30:08,599 The doorman isn't convinced by their playing-with-fireworks story, 435 00:30:08,703 --> 00:30:11,706 and he calls the fire department and the police. 436 00:30:17,643 --> 00:30:20,059 By the time the firemen come, the smoke is gone, 437 00:30:20,163 --> 00:30:22,096 and they leave after a quick check. 438 00:30:23,752 --> 00:30:28,102 The bomber now realizes he's left a very sensitive item in the apartment, 439 00:30:28,205 --> 00:30:31,001 and he persuades his friend to retrieve his laptop. 440 00:30:33,866 --> 00:30:38,181 He was, uh, too clever a guy to come back and, uh, 441 00:30:38,284 --> 00:30:39,907 expose himself. 442 00:30:40,010 --> 00:30:43,634 Because all along, he knew that would be too risky, 443 00:30:43,738 --> 00:30:46,603 for him to go back and be caught. 444 00:30:47,776 --> 00:30:50,710 The bomber's fear of getting caught is justified. 445 00:30:50,814 --> 00:30:54,749 Once Police Inspector Aida Fariscal learns that they're from Pakistan, 446 00:30:54,853 --> 00:30:57,717 she insists on seeing their room for herself. 447 00:31:00,720 --> 00:31:02,757 The police in Manila are on high alert 448 00:31:02,861 --> 00:31:05,622 due to a planned visit by the Pope in a few days. 449 00:31:12,594 --> 00:31:15,770 What Inspector Fariscal finds confirms her worst fears 450 00:31:15,874 --> 00:31:18,083 about the intentions of the tenants. 451 00:31:25,745 --> 00:31:27,333 You! Stop! 452 00:31:41,796 --> 00:31:43,246 Stop! 453 00:31:47,595 --> 00:31:50,943 The shot distracts the apprentice and he trips over a fallen palm tree. 454 00:31:52,082 --> 00:31:54,843 But the cop discovers he has no handcuffs. 455 00:31:54,947 --> 00:31:58,330 The doorman improvises with the drawstrings of his windbreaker. 456 00:32:00,884 --> 00:32:02,990 In the meantime, the bomber vanishes. 457 00:32:04,923 --> 00:32:08,892 One of the first senior officers to arrive at his apartment is Sonny Razon. 458 00:32:08,996 --> 00:32:12,585 Incident at the Don Josefa apartment, 459 00:32:12,689 --> 00:32:15,485 uh, was the breakthrough in, uh, 460 00:32:15,588 --> 00:32:17,556 opening our eyes that, uh, 461 00:32:17,659 --> 00:32:19,938 the Al-Qaeda... terrorist cell 462 00:32:20,041 --> 00:32:22,699 was already operating here in the Philippines. 463 00:32:24,149 --> 00:32:27,773 The Philippine National Police know they've stumbled onto something big, 464 00:32:27,876 --> 00:32:31,156 and they inform Interpol, Scotland Yard and the FBI. 465 00:32:32,122 --> 00:32:35,815 When news of the raid reaches the Joint Terrorism Task Force in New York, 466 00:32:35,919 --> 00:32:40,510 it immediately grabs the attention of Special Agent Frank Pellegrino. 467 00:32:41,028 --> 00:32:44,617 For two years, he has been hunting a terrorist called Ramzi Yousef, 468 00:32:44,721 --> 00:32:47,413 and it looks as if this might be his man. 469 00:32:47,517 --> 00:32:49,726 Well, he was always our focus since '93. 470 00:32:49,829 --> 00:32:51,762 I mean, at the time... 471 00:32:51,866 --> 00:32:54,455 he was the biggest fugitive... around. 472 00:32:55,801 --> 00:32:57,906 As Philippine Police comb through the apartment, 473 00:32:58,010 --> 00:33:02,808 they begin to find more evidence tying Yousef to the bombing of PAL 434. 474 00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:14,716 It was the similarity between the watches that were found in the apartment 475 00:33:14,820 --> 00:33:18,789 and the type of watch that was used in Okinawa. 476 00:33:18,893 --> 00:33:21,482 Putting together that... that watch, 477 00:33:21,585 --> 00:33:24,002 that was the watch that was on the bomb, 478 00:33:24,105 --> 00:33:26,901 uh, on that Flight 434, 479 00:33:27,005 --> 00:33:31,768 and identifying those pieces eventually as a Casio watch was amazing. 480 00:33:34,115 --> 00:33:36,359 Yousef is a skilled forger. 481 00:33:36,462 --> 00:33:40,570 Investigators find several identification cards bearing various names, 482 00:33:40,673 --> 00:33:43,159 and photos in each of which he looks quite different. 483 00:33:46,403 --> 00:33:48,716 One ID card is of particular interest. 484 00:33:50,718 --> 00:33:54,101 So almost as a dig to us, you know, 485 00:33:54,204 --> 00:33:57,069 the ID card used the first World Trade Center bombing date 486 00:33:57,173 --> 00:33:59,623 as the date that the card was issued. 487 00:33:59,727 --> 00:34:03,938 So we knew right away it was Yousef that had been in the apartment. 488 00:34:07,562 --> 00:34:10,013 They knew chemicals. The chemical dictionary, uh, 489 00:34:10,117 --> 00:34:13,810 was a very well-used, uh, item, 490 00:34:13,913 --> 00:34:16,744 uh... underlined, highlighted, 491 00:34:16,847 --> 00:34:19,057 uh, well-read, 492 00:34:19,160 --> 00:34:21,542 notations throughout the book. 493 00:34:21,645 --> 00:34:23,751 Something that he used quite often. 494 00:34:23,854 --> 00:34:26,547 And, uh... I don't remember the exact number. 495 00:34:26,650 --> 00:34:29,964 I think there might've 100 latent prints found on that that belonged to him. 496 00:34:30,068 --> 00:34:31,966 They knew electronics. 497 00:34:32,070 --> 00:34:36,557 The way that the timing device was hidden inside the Casio watch... 498 00:34:37,144 --> 00:34:40,457 ...just made the whole thing very concealable and... 499 00:34:40,561 --> 00:34:42,563 uh, and very worrisome. 500 00:34:44,116 --> 00:34:47,430 The identification of the bomber of PAL 434 501 00:34:47,533 --> 00:34:50,674 and the discovery of his bomb factory is very disturbing news 502 00:34:50,778 --> 00:34:53,505 for those responsible for airline-passenger safety. 503 00:34:54,609 --> 00:34:57,440 Ramzi Yousef is an international terrorist 504 00:34:57,543 --> 00:35:00,305 who knows how to get his bombs past airport security. 505 00:35:01,340 --> 00:35:04,067 Bombs that are small, but if strategically located, 506 00:35:04,171 --> 00:35:08,520 can blow up a jumbo jet and kill not just one, but hundreds of people. 507 00:35:09,314 --> 00:35:13,007 And the bomber of PAL 434 is still on the loose. 508 00:35:21,636 --> 00:35:24,156 The Philippine National Police have stumbled on the hideout 509 00:35:24,260 --> 00:35:26,124 of an international terrorist. 510 00:35:27,884 --> 00:35:30,473 The FBI identify him as Ramzi Yousef. 511 00:35:32,095 --> 00:35:33,924 Evidence that Armaldo Forlani, 512 00:35:34,028 --> 00:35:36,617 the man who planted the bomb on PAL 434, 513 00:35:36,720 --> 00:35:38,998 is the same person as Ramzi Yousef 514 00:35:39,102 --> 00:35:42,588 comes from the travel agent who sold him the Philippine Airlines ticket. 515 00:35:45,867 --> 00:35:48,836 Ramzi Yousef is just one of several aliases 516 00:35:48,939 --> 00:35:51,873 of a man who tops the FBI's Most Wanted list. 517 00:35:52,840 --> 00:35:56,947 An international terrorist with a $2 million bounty on his head. 518 00:35:59,778 --> 00:36:03,057 Yousef, whose real name is probably Abdul Karim Basit, 519 00:36:03,161 --> 00:36:06,992 was born and raised in Kuwait, where his father worked as an engineer. 520 00:36:07,095 --> 00:36:11,169 It was there he met the friend that he enlisted to help him in the Manila bomb factory. 521 00:36:13,723 --> 00:36:17,761 When he was 18, Yousef's family returned to their Pakistan homeland. 522 00:36:18,762 --> 00:36:20,764 Yousef married and had two children. 523 00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:25,252 Soon after returning home, his parents sent him to study in Britain. 524 00:36:26,839 --> 00:36:30,533 He was taking classes both in engineering and in using the computer, 525 00:36:30,636 --> 00:36:32,362 so he definitely had some talents. 526 00:36:33,881 --> 00:36:36,435 In summer breaks from college in the late 1980s, 527 00:36:36,539 --> 00:36:38,782 Yousef returns to Pakistan. 528 00:36:38,886 --> 00:36:42,441 He puts his new engineering skills to use by teaching bomb-making 529 00:36:42,545 --> 00:36:45,755 to militants in training camps near Peshawar, Pakistan. 530 00:36:47,032 --> 00:36:50,829 These camps are fertile ground for making contacts with militants worldwide. 531 00:37:02,599 --> 00:37:04,636 In September 1992, 532 00:37:04,739 --> 00:37:09,296 Yousef flies from Pakistan to New York to prepare for a major terrorist attack. 533 00:37:10,297 --> 00:37:11,643 On arrival at JFK, 534 00:37:11,746 --> 00:37:13,403 he presents a fake Iraqi passport 535 00:37:13,507 --> 00:37:16,786 and asks for political asylum from Saddam Hussein. 536 00:37:17,718 --> 00:37:20,238 The ploy works and he's allowed to enter the country. 537 00:37:22,343 --> 00:37:26,244 Six months later, on February the 26th, 1993, 538 00:37:26,347 --> 00:37:29,143 one of the largest homemade bombs in American history 539 00:37:29,385 --> 00:37:33,389 explodes in the garage below the World Trade Center, killing six people, 540 00:37:33,492 --> 00:37:37,358 injuring hundreds and causing $500 million worth of damage. 541 00:37:39,705 --> 00:37:43,433 That night, Yousef is on a plane back to his home in Pakistan. 542 00:37:44,952 --> 00:37:47,679 He was an action figure. He wanted to keep doing things. 543 00:37:47,782 --> 00:37:50,268 He wasn't happy with the one success he had. 544 00:37:51,683 --> 00:37:54,306 Eighteen months after the World Trade Center attack, 545 00:37:54,410 --> 00:37:59,000 Yousef flies to Manila to fine-tune the bomb that he plants on PAL 434. 546 00:38:00,001 --> 00:38:03,971 According to Sonny Razon, the Philippine capital suits him. 547 00:38:04,074 --> 00:38:06,076 Ramzi Yousef, uh... 548 00:38:07,595 --> 00:38:09,666 ...loved to enjoy life. 549 00:38:09,770 --> 00:38:12,531 He was a... he is a ladies' man. 550 00:38:12,635 --> 00:38:16,777 He associated himself with a lot of girlfriends, 551 00:38:16,880 --> 00:38:19,400 and, uh, he liked to party. 552 00:38:19,504 --> 00:38:20,988 He... 553 00:38:21,091 --> 00:38:23,542 he also... drank a lot. 554 00:38:23,646 --> 00:38:25,510 He enjoyed the life. 555 00:38:25,613 --> 00:38:27,615 Terrorists, they are your normal, uh, 556 00:38:27,719 --> 00:38:29,617 day-to-day people, 557 00:38:29,721 --> 00:38:31,861 the, uh, guy next door. 558 00:38:33,449 --> 00:38:36,210 After the bombing of PAL 434, 559 00:38:36,452 --> 00:38:39,420 Yousef arranges for his childhood friend Abdul Hakim Murad 560 00:38:39,524 --> 00:38:41,111 to assist him in Manila. 561 00:38:42,216 --> 00:38:45,737 But on January the 6th, 1995, two weeks after his arrival, 562 00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:50,500 Murad is arrested and sent to the Philippine Police headquarters for interrogation. 563 00:38:51,846 --> 00:38:56,092 It took 67 days to extract the details of how Yousef planted the bomb. 564 00:38:56,886 --> 00:38:59,267 My impressions of him was that, uh, 565 00:38:59,371 --> 00:39:01,753 he was strong-willed, 566 00:39:01,856 --> 00:39:03,444 he was determined. 567 00:39:03,548 --> 00:39:07,552 Initially, he did not break down in questioning. 568 00:39:08,173 --> 00:39:11,038 And, uh, it was only when, uh, 569 00:39:11,141 --> 00:39:15,491 the FBI team that came in and provided us with, uh, 570 00:39:15,594 --> 00:39:18,770 additional information or pieces of the puzzle 571 00:39:18,873 --> 00:39:21,013 that, uh, we did not have... 572 00:39:21,911 --> 00:39:24,051 ...that he started to talk. 573 00:39:25,742 --> 00:39:29,815 Tiny chemical traces of the explosive were found on PAL 434. 574 00:39:29,919 --> 00:39:33,923 And Murad eventually admits that Yousef uses liquid nitroglycerin 575 00:39:34,026 --> 00:39:37,720 that he's stabilized and concealed in a bottle of contact-lens solution. 576 00:39:48,006 --> 00:39:49,663 Murad also reveals that Yousef hid 577 00:39:49,766 --> 00:39:53,770 the bomb's potentially suspicious components in the heel of his shoes. 578 00:39:53,874 --> 00:39:57,153 Most airport security systems only detect metal above the ankles. 579 00:40:00,708 --> 00:40:02,986 I bet you he was as cool as could be. 580 00:40:03,090 --> 00:40:05,057 He was somewhat cavalier in is attitude 581 00:40:05,161 --> 00:40:07,543 towards these explosives and chemicals. 582 00:40:07,646 --> 00:40:11,132 To carry a container of nitroglycerin on an airplane... 583 00:40:12,548 --> 00:40:15,171 you know, you gotta be a little nuts. 584 00:40:17,932 --> 00:40:20,935 Murad's confession provides details of Yousef's actions 585 00:40:21,039 --> 00:40:24,836 after he successfully got the bomb components past airport security. 586 00:40:25,284 --> 00:40:28,667 - Can I get you some juice or coffee? - Juice, please. 587 00:40:43,924 --> 00:40:46,961 Yousef designed the device so the innocent-looking components 588 00:40:47,203 --> 00:40:49,861 can be quickly transformed into a lethal bomb. 589 00:40:52,311 --> 00:40:55,453 Yousef has modified a digital wristwatch as the bomb's timer. 590 00:40:56,661 --> 00:41:00,250 This is wired to a detonator inside the bottle of nitroglycerin. 591 00:41:04,979 --> 00:41:08,431 Two 9-volt batteries provide an additional electric charge 592 00:41:08,535 --> 00:41:12,159 to the exposed filament of a light bulb that will spark the explosion. 593 00:41:25,344 --> 00:41:27,795 Yousef sets the alarm for four hours later, 594 00:41:27,899 --> 00:41:31,696 when he anticipates the plane will be flying high over the Pacific Ocean. 595 00:41:45,572 --> 00:41:48,816 Yousef plants the bomb in a life-vest pouch under his seat, 596 00:41:48,920 --> 00:41:53,580 a place ground crews are unlikely to inspect during the stopover in Cebu. 597 00:42:03,521 --> 00:42:06,869 Soon after, he gets off the plane and disappears. 598 00:42:13,910 --> 00:42:17,742 Four hours later, the timebomb under seat 26K... 599 00:42:19,467 --> 00:42:22,574 ...awakes the airline industry to a new kind of terrorism. 600 00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:35,587 Murad's confession confirms Pellegrino's suspicions. 601 00:42:35,691 --> 00:42:37,900 This is just the kind of sophisticated plot 602 00:42:38,003 --> 00:42:40,350 he has come to expect from Ramzi Yousef. 603 00:42:41,697 --> 00:42:45,459 But Pellegrino is still shocked by what Murad says next. 604 00:42:45,563 --> 00:42:48,220 PAL 434 was only a test, 605 00:42:48,324 --> 00:42:51,361 a dry run for a much larger terrorist plot 606 00:42:51,465 --> 00:42:54,019 that will kill thousands of airline passengers. 607 00:42:57,816 --> 00:42:59,404 A highly skilled terrorist, 608 00:42:59,507 --> 00:43:03,960 Ramzi Yousef has already set off a new type of bomb on an aircraft. 609 00:43:04,064 --> 00:43:07,861 Now the FBI discovers Yousef wants to blow up more planes... 610 00:43:11,554 --> 00:43:13,660 ...and he continues to evade capture. 611 00:43:15,593 --> 00:43:18,941 FBI investigators find evidence of Yousef's meticulous planning 612 00:43:19,044 --> 00:43:23,808 on secret files on the laptop that he so desperately wanted his accomplice to retrieve. 613 00:43:26,776 --> 00:43:30,297 On the laptop computer found in the Josefa apartment building 614 00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:34,646 was a file which laid out a plan 615 00:43:34,750 --> 00:43:36,924 for five individuals using code names - 616 00:43:37,028 --> 00:43:39,444 individuals not mentioned on the plan - 617 00:43:39,547 --> 00:43:43,482 to board... about three planes each, 618 00:43:43,586 --> 00:43:46,520 two planes, a couple of people had three planes, 619 00:43:46,624 --> 00:43:51,076 planting bombs on the planes and then returning back to their home. 620 00:43:51,767 --> 00:43:54,597 Hoping, when they planted the bombs with the timing devices, 621 00:43:54,701 --> 00:43:56,875 if everything went well, 622 00:43:56,979 --> 00:44:00,603 all bombs would go off within about a six-hour time period. 623 00:44:00,707 --> 00:44:04,055 Any more than one would've been an airline disaster. 624 00:44:05,953 --> 00:44:09,992 So if they were 50% successful in their plan, 625 00:44:10,095 --> 00:44:12,926 I think it would've scared a lot of people for a long time. 626 00:44:14,134 --> 00:44:16,999 The file on Yousef's laptop reveals that the plan, 627 00:44:17,102 --> 00:44:20,623 code-named Bojinka, is foiled with no time to spare. 628 00:44:22,832 --> 00:44:26,560 The bombing of 12 American planes is meant to kill 4,000 passengers. 629 00:44:28,769 --> 00:44:32,393 Youssef's campaign of terror against the airlines is scheduled to start 630 00:44:32,497 --> 00:44:35,603 less than two weeks after the bust of his bomb factory in Manila. 631 00:44:36,225 --> 00:44:39,884 By the time Pellegrino and the FBI team arrive in the Philippines, 632 00:44:39,987 --> 00:44:41,886 Yousef is long gone. 633 00:44:41,989 --> 00:44:45,544 So it was a worry and it was a missed opportunity, 634 00:44:45,648 --> 00:44:48,133 um... but we also... 635 00:44:49,169 --> 00:44:53,760 In a lot of these fugitive-type cases, we're not all that different. 636 00:44:53,863 --> 00:44:57,004 And everybody goes home. Everybody needs to go home. 637 00:44:57,108 --> 00:45:01,422 And so the investigation again would focus back to Pakistan. 638 00:45:02,838 --> 00:45:06,496 The FBI immediately begin a publicity campaign in Pakistan 639 00:45:06,600 --> 00:45:10,535 promoting their $2 million reward for assistance in arresting Yousef. 640 00:45:12,848 --> 00:45:14,642 The strategy works. 641 00:45:14,746 --> 00:45:18,716 Yousef's latest recruit for yet another airline bombing blows the whistle. 642 00:45:21,511 --> 00:45:27,034 On the day Yousef is due to leave his hotel in Islamabad, a Pakistani SWAT team moves in. 643 00:45:49,298 --> 00:45:52,577 In Yousef's room are Delta and United Airlines flight schedules, 644 00:45:52,680 --> 00:45:56,719 as well as bomb components hidden in children's toys. 645 00:45:57,099 --> 00:45:59,549 Who are you? You have a warrant?! 646 00:45:59,653 --> 00:46:02,932 The informer receives the $2 million bounty for the tipoff, 647 00:46:03,036 --> 00:46:05,763 which prevents yet another airline attack. 648 00:46:07,523 --> 00:46:09,283 He was shocked. 649 00:46:09,525 --> 00:46:11,769 He did not think he would be caught. 650 00:46:11,872 --> 00:46:13,771 He had a certain confidence about him, 651 00:46:13,874 --> 00:46:17,291 and I didn't think he thought we'd ever catch up to him. 652 00:46:17,947 --> 00:46:19,742 Within hours of his capture, 653 00:46:19,846 --> 00:46:21,986 Yousef is extradited from Pakistan 654 00:46:22,089 --> 00:46:24,574 and put on a waiting U.S. government plane. 655 00:46:26,024 --> 00:46:28,958 With the cooperation of the Japanese and Philippine governments, 656 00:46:29,062 --> 00:46:34,481 the FBI arranged for Yousef to stand trial in New York City for the PAL 434 bombing, 657 00:46:34,584 --> 00:46:38,174 as well as the earlier 1993 attack on the World Trade Center. 658 00:46:39,900 --> 00:46:42,489 In a convoy of federal and local patrol cars, 659 00:46:42,592 --> 00:46:45,699 Ramzi Ahmed Yousef was brought into New York city late Wednesday night, 660 00:46:45,803 --> 00:46:48,046 ending a worldwide manhunt. 661 00:46:48,667 --> 00:46:52,119 He was arrested Tuesday in Pakistan by Pakistani authorities, 662 00:46:52,223 --> 00:46:55,329 and brought back by the FBI on a plane, 663 00:46:55,571 --> 00:46:57,711 then into custody with heavy security on the street 664 00:46:57,815 --> 00:47:01,025 in case of any terrorist attacks prompted by his arrest. 665 00:47:10,068 --> 00:47:13,589 At his trial a year later in New York Southern District Court, 666 00:47:13,692 --> 00:47:17,696 Yousef decides to handle his own defence, against the advice of the judge. 667 00:47:19,595 --> 00:47:21,597 He performs better than expected, 668 00:47:21,700 --> 00:47:25,946 but he is found guilty on all charges related to the bombing of PAL 434 669 00:47:26,050 --> 00:47:28,915 and conspiring to bomb 12 American passenger planes. 670 00:47:32,608 --> 00:47:36,681 Yousef is also found guilty in a second trial for the World Trade Center bombing. 671 00:47:37,302 --> 00:47:40,685 In his final summing up, Yousef justifies his actions. 672 00:47:41,720 --> 00:47:43,861 Yes, I am a terrorist and proud of it. 673 00:47:44,827 --> 00:47:46,311 And I only support terrorism 674 00:47:46,415 --> 00:47:50,108 so long as it's against the United States government and against Israel, 675 00:47:50,212 --> 00:47:52,628 because you are more than terrorists. 676 00:47:53,353 --> 00:47:57,357 Although Pakistani, Yousef describes himself as Palestinian by choice. 677 00:47:58,427 --> 00:48:01,809 And he justifies the PAL 434 and World Trade Center bombings 678 00:48:01,913 --> 00:48:04,191 as punishment for a U.S. foreign policy 679 00:48:04,295 --> 00:48:06,193 that favours Israel over Palestine. 680 00:48:06,297 --> 00:48:07,919 ...and hypocrites! 681 00:48:09,093 --> 00:48:10,888 For both crimes, 682 00:48:10,991 --> 00:48:13,891 he's sentenced to 240 years in prison. 683 00:48:15,099 --> 00:48:17,687 The Judge recommends solitary confinement for life 684 00:48:17,791 --> 00:48:20,449 in the most secure prison in the United States, 685 00:48:20,656 --> 00:48:22,761 located in Florence, Colorado. 686 00:48:24,625 --> 00:48:28,008 It houses the country's most violent and dangerous prisoners, 687 00:48:28,112 --> 00:48:30,838 and it's where Yousef will spend the rest of his life 688 00:48:30,942 --> 00:48:34,670 confined in a cell for up to 23 of every 24 hours. 689 00:48:39,088 --> 00:48:43,196 We cannot afford to, uh, just sit down and, uh... 690 00:48:44,714 --> 00:48:48,442 ...count our victories with the arrest of, uh, Ramsey Yousef. 691 00:48:49,340 --> 00:48:53,033 Somebody else has already replaced him, 692 00:48:53,137 --> 00:48:55,863 and somebody else is already thinking 693 00:48:55,967 --> 00:49:00,834 of how to circumvent these security measures that we've put up. 694 00:49:02,318 --> 00:49:05,839 In the year following Yousef's attack on PAL 434, 695 00:49:05,943 --> 00:49:10,292 the Federal Aviation Administration certified a machine to detect explosives. 696 00:49:11,189 --> 00:49:13,295 Not one American carrier bought it. 697 00:49:13,951 --> 00:49:15,987 Only after 9/11 was a law passed 698 00:49:16,091 --> 00:49:20,302 that required U.S. airports to deploy explosive-detection systems. 699 00:49:20,405 --> 00:49:23,788 But the most reliable models are expensive, or too slow, 700 00:49:23,891 --> 00:49:25,997 and still not widely employed. 701 00:49:27,171 --> 00:49:29,069 What's the old saying? 702 00:49:29,173 --> 00:49:33,073 We have to be right 100% of the time; a terrorist only has to be right once. 703 00:49:34,488 --> 00:49:39,631 Although there hasn't been a successful airliner bombing since PAL 434, 704 00:49:39,735 --> 00:49:43,221 those who forget the past may be destined to revisit it. 705 00:50:12,699 --> 00:50:14,701 difuze